Flat Foot

                                                                                                       Author - Dr. Mukesh Fulwaria

A flat foot, also known as pes planus or fallen arches, is a postural deformity in which the arches of the foot collapse. In individuals with flat feet, the entire sole of the foot touches the ground when standing, rather than only the balls of the feet and the heels.

It may be congenital or acquired and lead to unilateral (one foot) or bilaterally (both feet) deformity.

Causes: Causes of flat foot can vary and may include: Genetic factors, Weak foot muscles, Injury or trauma, and some Medical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or nerve disorders.

Symptoms: Symptoms associated with a flat foot may include pain, particularly in the arch or heel area, difficulty in standing for extended periods, or discomfort during physical activities.

Genetic factors: Some individuals are born with low or no arches due to their genetic makeup.

Weak foot muscles: Insufficient development or weakness of the foot muscles may lead to a collapsed arch.

Injury or trauma: Injuries to the foot, such as fractures or sprains, can affect the arches.

Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or nerve disorders can contribute to flat foot development.

Classification: Flat foot can be classified into two main types:

1. Flexible Flat Foot: This is the more common type and is often seen in children and young adults. When the person is not weight-bearing or stands on their toes, the arch may reappear. The arch flattens when weight is placed on the foot. Most cases of flexible flat foot in children do not require treatment, as the arches usually develop as they grow.

2. Rigid Flat Foot: This is a less common type, where the arch remains flattened even when the person is not bearing weight. This condition is more likely to cause pain and may be associated with other foot-related problems. In cases of rigid flat foot or when conservative treatments do not provide relief, surgery may be considered, but it is typically reserved for severe and persistent cases.


Symptoms associated with flat foot may include pain, particularly in the arch or heel area, difficulty in standing for extended periods, or discomfort during physical activities.

Most cases of flexible flat foot in children do not require treatment, as the arches usually develop as they grow. However, if the condition causes pain or interferes with daily activities, medical attention may be necessary. Treatment options may include supportive shoes with arch inserts or orthotics to provide better foot support. Physical therapy exercises may also be recommended to strengthen foot muscles and improve flexibility.

In cases of rigid flat foot or when conservative treatments do not provide relief, surgery may be considered, but it is typically reserved for severe and persistent cases.

References:

https://www.samitivejhospitals.com

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/168608

https://www.google.com

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